2022/02/09

東南亞/聯合國成員國

緬甸聯邦共和國

Republic of the Union of Myanmar

唸給你聽

基本資料

建國年份

1948

官方語言

緬語

幣別

緬元MMK

宗教

上座部佛教(國教) 89%

政體

政變前:內閣制
政變後:軍事獨裁

最高領袖

政變前:總統
政變後:國家管理委員會主席

國家介紹

東南亞面積第二大的國家,森林覆蓋率超過50%。先後經歷英國殖民及日本軍事占領,獨立後大多數時間由軍政府進行獨裁統治︒ 2015 年大選雖由翁山蘇姬所領導的全國民主聯盟勝出,但軍方掌握參議院及部分內政決策權,翁山蘇姬也不得擔任總統。2021 年軍政府再次發動政變,軟禁翁山蘇姬和總統溫敏,目前由軍政府掌權,同時存在反抗軍政府的平行政府。經濟狀況為東南亞末段班,2020 年人均GDP 為1,530 美元,是中國一帶一路的重點國家︒國內有多個少數民族組成的武裝勢力,亦存在羅興亞人種族清洗爭議。佛教在緬甸占主導地位,對民選政府或軍政府都有影響力。

Year Founded: 1948

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar is the second largest country in Southeast Asia with a forest coverage rate over 50%. 

First colonized by the British and later occupied by the Japanese army, the country has been under the rule of a dictatorial military regime most of the time after independence. Despite the fact that National League for Democracy led by Aung San Suu Kyi won the general election in 2015, the military still controls the Amyotha Hluttaw (the upper house) and part of the decision-making power on internal affairs, preventing Aung San Suu Kyi from becoming president. In 2021, the military government launched another coup and placed Aung San Suu Kyi and President Win Myint under house arrest. The military government is currently in power, and there is also a shadow government fighting against it. 

The economy of Myanmar is at the bottom of the ranking in Southeast Asia. Its GDP per capita in 2020 is US$1,530 and is one of the target countries of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (OBOR). There are multiple armed forces formed by ethnic groups in the country and Myanmar is also known for the controversy over the Rohingya genocide. Buddhism is the dominant religion in Myanmar and has influence on both the democratically elected government and military government.

國家位置

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